La problématique de la traduction des lexèmes coraniques d’ordre médical

Abstract: The translation of the Holy Quran is a special case because it is a miraculous book containing the revealed word of God. Therefore, its translation is not like the translation of any other book. This research deals with this issue, relying on the linguistic structural analysis of J. Hjelmslev, who believes that any Quranic word cannot have its meaning determined except when it is considered a unit within other units in the entire Quranic text. For example, there is always a problem with translating the word "Allah", because its meaning in other languages refers to its nature in each religion (such as the Trinity in Christianity...). However, in Islam, its meaning must be based on the ninety-nine beautiful names, in addition to other verses such as those in the Surah of Al-Ikhlas! The structural theory focuses on the fact that Quranic vocabulary must be interpreted vertically or horizontally, which forces the reader to use an upward and downward movement through four orbits governed by the will of God. Otherwise, the Quranic text will not have a clear meaning, and its lofty meanings will be lost in vain. This is what is called the "semantic field" or (le champ sémantique). The research focuses on six translations of the words with medical connotations that appear in the Holy Quran, the most important of which is the creation of man, which is mentioned at two linguistic levels: the first is literary, and does not pose a problem for the general public or translators, as in the saying of God Almighty: "And He originated the creation of humankind from clay, Then He made his descendants from an extract of a humble fluid”, The second is technical, and deals with the scientific details of the stages of human development, which raises many problems because many of them were not known until after the tremendous scientific progress of the twentieth century. All the commentators considered "clots" to be the plural of "clot", so the translation was in one meaning, as well as "a drop of spilt-out sperm", "a drop of mixed fluids", "then a lump of flesh-fully formed or unformed", "a safe lodging", "threefold depths of darkness"... etc. The research has corrected and found the scientific equivalents for all these terms.