السارد وعلاقته بالشخصيات والزمان من خلال المجموعة القصصية (ہفت پيكر: الأشكال السبعة) لحفيظ جالندهرى دراسة تحليلية فنية

Document Type : Original Article

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Urdu Department, Faculty of Humanities, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Using a technical analytical approach, this research aims to examine the narrator's technique in the short story collection (Haft Pekar: The Seven Forms) by Hafiz Jalandhari. This research examines the narrator,s technique as one of the elements of Literary narrative. It addresses the most important issues and contents contained in the short story collection. it Then examines the definition of the narrator , the structure of the narrative characters within the narrative text, the narrator's relationships with the characters , and the structure of the discourse time within the narrative text. The research concludes with its findings and recommendations, along with a list of its most important sources and references. The research results revealed that the narrator's knowledge is equivalent to the knowledge of the narrative character, which the narrator controls through a combination of "vision with" and "vision from the outside". The narrator stands in a middle ground between the character's surface world and their inner world. All the narrative characters revolve around four relationships: desire, communication, participation, and aversion. The narrator has the greatest influence on these relationships. The narrator's relationships with the narrative characters are based on three rules: gradation, contrast, and duality. The concepts of summary, pause, deletion, and scene accelerate and decelerate time in narrative structure.

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